![]() ![]() Note that the fields under the L-edges are of opposite polarity (due to the half-wave nature of the patch) and when the field lines curve out and finally propagate out into the direction normal to the substrate they are now in the same direction (both facing left). Radiation that occurs at the ends of the W-dimension is far less and is referred to as the cross-polarization.The image below is a side view which attempts to show a snapshot of the E-field under the patch. The radiating edges are at the ends of the L-dimension of the rectangle, which sets up the single polarization. Fringing effect comes due to electric field lines which makes the antenna size wider after excitation. The dimension L is universally taken to mean the long dimension, which causes resonance at its half-wavelength frequency. As the fringing fields are placed among the ground plane and patch edge, radiation takes place in microstrip antenna. The figure below shows the geometry of the rectangular microstrip antenna, not including the ground plane and dielectric which would be underneath. ![]()
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